Report calls for Aboriginal-led care to be funded, backed and heard

22 Oct 2025

A new report, spurred by the continuing failure of successive Australian governments to close the health gap, puts Aboriginal-led primary healthcare organisations squarely at the centre of real and lasting change.

The team behind the Decolonise now’ report.

But it also points to bar­ri­ers to change: the stub­born struc­tur­al racism embed­ded in polit­i­cal, media and bureau­crat­ic sys­tems, and an ongo­ing refusal to reck­on with the lega­cy of coloni­sa­tion in this country. 

A strik­ing visu­al from the report, Decolonise Now: Com­mu­ni­ty-led path­ways to decolonis­ing prac­tice in health (2018 – 2024), makes it plain. Above the line: a vibrant vision of jus­tice – First Peo­ples-led care, flex­i­ble fund­ing, cul­tur­al author­i­ty, anti-racist sys­tems, and strong com­mu­ni­ty voic­es. Below the line: the sta­tus quo – fixed, short-term fund­ing, white-led gov­er­nance, racist assump­tions and deficit based think­ing dressed up as policy. 

Unless gov­ern­ments, ser­vices and fun­ders active­ly reverse those bot­tom-line real­i­ties, they’re not neu­tral – they’re uphold­ing colonised prac­tice,” says Dr Toby Free­man, Asso­ciate Pro­fes­sor at the Uni­ver­si­ty of Ade­laide and one of the report’s chief investigators. 

Dr Free­man notes the deep dis­ap­point­ment that fol­lowed the rejec­tion of the 2023 ref­er­en­dum for a con­sti­tu­tion­al­ly enshrined Abo­rig­i­nal and Tor­res Strait Islander Voice. 

Aus­tralian gov­ern­ments must now work direct­ly with Abo­rig­i­nal and Tor­res Strait Islander lead­ers and com­mu­ni­ties to sup­port decolonis­ing ways of work­ing,” he says. 

The report draws on sev­en years of col­lab­o­ra­tion between Abo­rig­i­nal and Tor­res Strait Islander researchers and non-Indige­nous researchers from the Uni­ver­si­ty of Ade­laide, Flinders Uni­ver­si­ty, Uni­ver­si­ty of Tech­nol­o­gy Syd­ney, Uni­ver­si­ty of Queens­land and the Uni­ver­si­ty of British Columbia.

It doc­u­ments case stud­ies from five Abo­rig­i­nal Pri­ma­ry Health Care organ­i­sa­tions across the coun­try, each offer­ing pow­er­ful, prac­ti­cal exam­ples of how colonised health sys­tems can be chal­lenged – and changed. 

At Cen­tral Aus­tralian Abo­rig­i­nal Con­gress in Alice Springs, com­mu­ni­ty-led alco­hol pol­i­cy reform slashed emer­gency depart­ment pre­sen­ta­tions and domes­tic vio­lence rates, despite oppo­si­tion from gov­ern­ment and industry. 

In Dar­win, Dani­la Dil­ba Health Ser­vice deliv­ers holis­tic, in-home sup­port to moth­ers and fam­i­lies, build­ing long-term rela­tion­ships based on trust, cul­tur­al under­stand­ing and respect. 

Inala Indige­nous Health Ser­vice in Bris­bane, though gov­ern­ment-run, has cre­at­ed a cul­tur­al­ly safe hub where Abo­rig­i­nal and Tor­res Strait Islander peo­ple can access care with­out the fear, judg­ment or bar­ri­ers they often face in main­stream hospitals. 

In Ade­laide, the South­ern Ade­laide Local Health Network’s Abo­rig­i­nal Fam­i­ly Clin­ic nav­i­gates with­in main­stream sys­tems to deliv­er as much cul­tur­al­ly safe care as it can – but strug­gles per­sist due to gov­er­nance mod­els that still lim­it Abo­rig­i­nal lead­er­ship and autonomy. 

And in Nowra, Wamin­da South Coast Women’s Health and Well­be­ing Abo­rig­i­nal Cor­po­ra­tion throws out hier­ar­chi­cal man­age­ment mod­els entire­ly, replac­ing them with a shared Abo­rig­i­nal lead­er­ship team and embed­ding cul­tur­al knowl­edge, cer­e­mo­ny and sov­er­eign­ty into every part of its work. 

The report makes the case that no mod­el of decolonised care is sus­tain­able with­out a strong Abo­rig­i­nal and Tor­res Strait Islander work­force – par­tic­u­lar­ly in lead­er­ship, advo­ca­cy and deci­sion-mak­ing roles. 

It also calls for a shift away from deficit-based nar­ra­tives — those famil­iar tropes about what’s wrong” with Abo­rig­i­nal health — to strength-based sto­ries that recog­nise what is already work­ing and why. 

Dr Free­man says, Prac­tices and atti­tudes have improved – but not fast enough. Abo­rig­i­nal-led organ­i­sa­tions and their advo­cates have had to fight for years for recog­ni­tion and fund­ing. They’re used to strug­gle – they’ve always had to bat­tle for change. They’ve nev­er been hand­ed the reins easily.” 

I believe peo­ple in posi­tions of pow­er know Abo­rig­i­nal-led prac­tice is bet­ter. But sys­temic racism is hard to shift – that baked-in belief that white experts know best, that white inter­ven­tion is the answer.” 

He says the report should serve as a roadmap for both com­mu­ni­ty-con­trolled and gov­ern­ment-man­aged ser­vices, as well as for pol­i­cy­mak­ers and fun­ders who are seri­ous about struc­tur­al change.

Our hope is that this report con­tributes to the urgent and cru­cial project of decoloni­sa­tion – not just in health, but across all sectors.” 

The call is clear: back Abo­rig­i­nal-led care with long-term, flex­i­ble poli­cies – or be com­plic­it in repeat­ing the same failures.”

Access the Decolonise Now: Com­mu­ni­ty-led path­ways to decolonis­ing prac­tice in health (2018 – 2024) report here.